TOEFL Preparation · Academic Word List

Fill in the Missing Letters — AWL Word Families

Build academic vocabulary by root to master the TOEFL Reading’s Fill in the Missing Letters task. Expand a family to see word forms, collocations, and examples — guess the letters first, then reveal the answer.

TOEFL Reading · Fill in the Missing Letters10 Sublists570 Word Families3 Exercises per Family

AWL Sublist 9

60 Word Families

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1accommodate容纳;适应;为……提供便利Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1accommodate — accommodated, accommodatingaccommodate X / accommodate the needs of X
词形 2accommodationaccommodate X / accommodate the needs of X

AWL Derivatives

accommodated, accommodates, accommodating, accommodation

Common Confusion

accommodate(动词)vs accommodation(名词);拼写注意双写mm

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  1. 1.The hall can ___ up to 500 guests.

  2. 2.The new policy aims to ___ the needs of working students.

  3. 3.The hotel provided comfortable ___ for visiting researchers.

2analogy类比;比喻Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1analogy — analogiesdraw an analogy between X and Y
词形 2analogousdraw an analogy between X and Y

AWL Derivatives

analogies, analogous

Common Confusion

draw an analogy between A and B(在A和B之间作类比);be analogous to X(与X类似)

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  1. 1.The professor drew an ___ between the two systems.

  2. 2.This ___ helps explain how the process works.

  3. 3.The two cases are ___ in several important ways.

3anticipate预期;预料Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1anticipate — anticipated, anticipatinganticipate a problem / anticipate that X will happen
词形 2anticipationanticipate a problem / anticipate that X will happen
词形 3unanticipatedanticipate a problem / anticipate that X will happen

AWL Derivatives

anticipated, anticipates, anticipating, anticipation, unanticipated

Common Confusion

anticipate(动词)vs anticipation(名词);anticipate doing sth

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  1. 1.Researchers ___ that demand will increase next year.

  2. 2.The team made an early ___ of possible risks.

  3. 3.The delay was largely ___ by the planners.

4assure保证;使确信Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1assure — assured, assuringassure X that... / assure X of Y
词形 2assurance — assurancesassure X that... / assure X of Y
词形 3assuredlyassure X that... / assure X of Y

AWL Derivatives

assurance, assurances, assured, assuredly, assures, assuring

Common Confusion

assure(使确信,assure sb that)vs ensure(确保)vs insure(投保)——形近词区分

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  1. 1.The manager ___ us that the data were secure.

  2. 2.She gave the client an ___ that the issue would be resolved.

  3. 3.The team spoke ___ about the project's future.

5attain达到;获得Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1attain — attained, attainingattain a goal / attain a high level of X
词形 2attainment — attainmentsattain a goal / attain a high level of X
词形 3attainable, unattainableattain a goal / attain a high level of X

AWL Derivatives

attainable, attained, attaining, attainment, attainments, attains, unattainable

Common Confusion

attain(动词,达到,正式)vs obtain(获得);attainable为形容词

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  1. 1.The students worked hard to ___ their academic goals.

  2. 2.The program helps learners ___ a high level of proficiency.

  3. 3.The required standard is ___ for most applicants.

6behalf代表;利益Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1behalfon behalf of X

AWL Derivatives

behalf

Common Confusion

on behalf of X(代表X)固定搭配,behalf本身无其他派生词形

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  1. 1.She spoke on ___ of the research team.

  2. 2.He accepted the award on ___ of his colleagues.

  3. 3.The lawyer acted on the client's ___.

7bulk大部分;主体;体积Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1bulkthe bulk of X
词形 2bulkythe bulk of X

AWL Derivatives

bulky

Common Confusion

the bulk of X(X的大部分);in bulk(大宗/散装);bulky为形容词

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  1. 1.The ___ of the work was completed before Friday.

  2. 2.The bulk of the evidence supports the conclusion.

  3. 3.The package was too ___ to carry alone.

8cease停止;终止Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1cease — ceased, ceasingcease to do X / cease operations
词形 2ceaselesscease to do X / cease operations

AWL Derivatives

ceased, ceaseless, ceases, ceasing

Common Confusion

cease(正式)vs stop(一般);cease to do/cease doing均可

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  1. 1.The factory will ___ operations next month.

  2. 2.The noise finally ___ after midnight.

  3. 3.The organization announced a complete ___ of production.

9coherent连贯的;一致的Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1coherent, incoherenta coherent argument / coherent explanation
词形 2coherencea coherent argument / coherent explanation
词形 3coherently, incoherentlya coherent argument / coherent explanation

AWL Derivatives

coherence, coherently, incoherent, incoherently

Common Confusion

coherent(形容词)vs coherence(名词);incoherent为反义词

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  1. 1.The essay presents a ___ argument.

  2. 2.The evidence must be organized with greater ___.

  3. 3.The speaker explained the theory ___.

10coincide同时发生;相符Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1coincide — coincided, coincidingcoincide with X / coincide with an event
词形 2coincidence — coincidencescoincide with X / coincide with an event
词形 3coincident, coincidentalcoincide with X / coincide with an event

AWL Derivatives

coincided, coincidence, coincidences, coincident, coincidental, coincides, coinciding

Common Confusion

coincide with X(与X同时发生/相符);by coincidence(碰巧)

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  1. 1.The conference dates ___ with the university holiday.

  2. 2.The two events happened by ___.

  3. 3.The findings were ___ with earlier research.

11commence开始;着手Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1commence — commenced, commencingcommence work / commence operations
词形 2commencementcommence work / commence operations
词形 3recommence — recommenced, recommencingcommence work / commence operations

AWL Derivatives

commenced, commencement, commences, commencing, recommenced, recommences, recommencing

Common Confusion

commence(正式开始)比begin更正式;commencement可指毕业典礼

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  1. 1.The ceremony will ___ at nine o'clock.

  2. 2.The ___ of the experiment was delayed.

  3. 3.Construction is ___ next week.

12compatible兼容的;相容的Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1compatible, incompatiblecompatible with X
词形 2compatibility, incompatibilitycompatible with X

AWL Derivatives

compatibility, incompatibility, incompatible

Common Confusion

be compatible with X(与X兼容),固定搭配用with;incompatible为反义词

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  1. 1.The software is fully ___ with the new operating system.

  2. 2.We need to check system ___.

  3. 3.The two approaches are not ___ in practice.

13concurrent同时发生的;并行的Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1concurrentconcurrent with X / concurrent events
词形 2concurrentlyconcurrent with X / concurrent events

AWL Derivatives

concurrently

Common Confusion

concurrent(形容词)vs concurrently(副词);注意与current(当前的)区分

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  1. 1.The university offered two ___ courses.

  2. 2.Several studies were conducted ___ with the survey.

  3. 3.The projects ran ___ for three months.

14confine限制;局限;禁闭Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1confine — confined, confiningconfine X to Y / be confined to Y
词形 2confinement, confinesconfine X to Y / be confined to Y
词形 3unconfinedconfine X to Y / be confined to Y

AWL Derivatives

confined, confines, confining, unconfined

Common Confusion

be confined to X(局限于X);confine(限制)vs confinement(监禁/限制)

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  1. 1.The study was ___ to first-year students.

  2. 2.The researchers tried to ___ the discussion to the main issue.

  3. 3.The animal remained in ___ for several days.

15controversy争议;争论Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1controversy — controversiesa controversy over X / cause controversy
词形 2controversial, uncontroversiala controversy over X / cause controversy
词形 3controversiallya controversy over X / cause controversy

AWL Derivatives

controversial, controversially, controversies, uncontroversial

Common Confusion

controversy(名词)vs controversial(形容词);arouse controversy(引发争议)

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  1. 1.The decision caused considerable ___.

  2. 2.The policy remains highly ___.

  3. 3.The issue was discussed ___ in the media.

16converse相反的;反之Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1converse — conversed, conversingconversely / the converse is true
词形 2converseconversely / the converse is true
词形 3converselyconversely / the converse is true

AWL Derivatives

conversely

Common Confusion

converse作形容词表相反;conversely(副词,反过来);动词converse with(交谈)

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  1. 1.The ___ of this statement is also true.

  2. 2.___, the results may suggest a different explanation.

  3. 3.The two researchers began to ___ after the meeting.

17device设备;装置;手段Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1device — devicesa device for doing X / electronic device

AWL Derivatives

devices

Common Confusion

device(名词,设备)vs devise(动词,设计)——形近词区分

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  1. 1.The laboratory uses a sensitive measuring ___.

  2. 2.The device was designed for remote monitoring.

  3. 3.Several new ___ were tested in the experiment.

18devote致力于;奉献Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1devote — devoted, devotingdevote time to X / devote oneself to X
词形 2devotion — devotionsdevote time to X / devote oneself to X
词形 3devoteddevote time to X / devote oneself to X
词形 4devotedlydevote time to X / devote oneself to X

AWL Derivatives

devoted, devotedly, devotes, devoting, devotion, devotions

Common Confusion

devote sth to sth(把……用于/献身于);be devoted to X(忠实于X)

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  1. 1.Researchers ___ considerable time to the project.

  2. 2.She is deeply ___ to improving education.

  3. 3.His ___ to the field is widely recognized.

19diminish减少;减弱Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1diminish — diminished, diminishingdiminish the effect of X / diminish over time
词形 2diminutiondiminish the effect of X / diminish over time
词形 3undiminisheddiminish the effect of X / diminish over time

AWL Derivatives

diminished, diminishes, diminishing, diminution, undiminished

Common Confusion

diminish(减少)vs diminish(贬低);diminution为名词

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  1. 1.The effect may ___ over time.

  2. 2.The evidence shows a gradual ___ in the gap.

  3. 3.The pain had ___ considerably by morning.

20distort歪曲;扭曲Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1distort — distorted, distortingdistort the facts / distort an image
词形 2distortion — distortionsdistort the facts / distort an image

AWL Derivatives

distorted, distorting, distortion, distortions, distorts

Common Confusion

distort(动词)vs distortion(名词);distorted(扭曲的)

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  1. 1.Social media can ___ public perceptions.

  2. 2.The image was badly ___.

  3. 3.The study examines the ___ of historical facts.

21duration持续时间Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1durationfor the duration of X

AWL Derivatives

duration

Common Confusion

duration(持续时间)无派生词形;for the duration of X

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  1. 1.The course runs for the ___ of one semester.

  2. 2.Students must remain in the room for the ___ of the test.

  3. 3.The project was extended because of its long ___.

22erode侵蚀;削弱Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1erode — eroded, erodingerode confidence / erode the surface
词形 2erosionerode confidence / erode the surface

AWL Derivatives

eroded, erodes, eroding, erosion

Common Confusion

erode(侵蚀,动词)vs erosion(名词);常用于比喻(削弱信心等)

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  1. 1.Repeated failures can ___ public trust.

  2. 2.Coastal erosion may ___ the shoreline.

  3. 3.The gradual ___ of confidence was worrying.

23ethic道德准则;伦理Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1ethic — ethicsprofessional ethics / ethical standards
词形 2ethical, unethicalprofessional ethics / ethical standards
词形 3ethicallyprofessional ethics / ethical standards

AWL Derivatives

ethical, ethically, ethics, unethical

Common Confusion

ethic(名词,单数)vs ethics(复数,伦理/道德观);ethical为形容词

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  1. 1.Professional ___ require researchers to protect participants.

  2. 2.The company has strong ___ standards.

  3. 3.The decision should be evaluated ___.

24format格式;形式;格式化Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1format — formatsin digital format / format X as Y
词形 2format — formatted, formattingin digital format / format X as Y

AWL Derivatives

formats, formatted, formatting

Common Confusion

format(名词,格式)vs format(动词,格式化);formatted注意双写t

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  1. 1.Please submit the report in digital ___.

  2. 2.The data were ___ as a simple table.

  3. 3.The website supports several file ___.

25found建立;创办Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1found — founded, foundingfound an institution / be founded on X
词形 2founder — foundersfound an institution / be founded on X
词形 3unfoundedfound an institution / be founded on X

AWL Derivatives

founded, founder, founders, founding, unfounded

Common Confusion

found(创办,found-founded-founded)vs find(find-found-found)——过去式拼写易混淆;founder(创始人)

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  1. 1.The scientist helped ___ a new research center.

  2. 2.The university was ___ in the nineteenth century.

  3. 3.The center's ___ later became its director.

26inherent固有的;内在的Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1inherentan inherent problem / inherent in X
词形 2inherentlyan inherent problem / inherent in X

AWL Derivatives

inherently

Common Confusion

be inherent in X(X所固有的);inherently为副词

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  1. 1.The method has an ___ limitation.

  2. 2.Some risks are ___ in the technology.

  3. 3.The problem is ___ in the design itself.

27insight洞察力;深刻见解Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1insight — insightsgain insight into X / provide insight into X
词形 2insightfulgain insight into X / provide insight into X

AWL Derivatives

insightful, insights

Common Confusion

insight(名词)vs insightful(形容词);insight into X(对X的洞察)

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  1. 1.The interview provided valuable ___ into student behavior.

  2. 2.The report offers several useful ___.

  3. 3.Her analysis was highly ___.

28integral不可或缺的;完整的Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1integralan integral part of X

AWL Derivatives

integral

Common Confusion

be integral to X(对X不可或缺);integral(完整的)vs integrate(整合,动词)

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  1. 1.Communication is an ___ part of teamwork.

  2. 2.Trust is ___ to a successful partnership.

  3. 3.The component is considered ___ to the system.

29intermediate中间的;中级的Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1intermediatean intermediate stage / intermediate level
词形 2intermediatean intermediate stage / intermediate level

AWL Derivatives

intermediate

Common Confusion

intermediate(中级的)vs immediate(立即的)——形近词;intermediate stage(中间阶段)

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  1. 1.Students first complete an ___ course.

  2. 2.The process has an ___ stage.

  3. 3.The class is designed for ___ learners.

30manual手册;手工的Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1manual — manualsan instruction manual / manual labor / manually operated
词形 2manualan instruction manual / manual labor / manually operated
词形 3manuallyan instruction manual / manual labor / manually operated

AWL Derivatives

manually, manuals

Common Confusion

manual(名词,手册)vs manual(形容词,手工的);manually为副词

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  1. 1.Please read the instruction ___ first.

  2. 2.The machine requires some ___ adjustment.

  3. 3.The settings can be changed ___.

31mature成熟的;成熟Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1mature, immature, maturationalmature into X / reach maturity
词形 2mature — matured, maturingmature into X / reach maturity
词形 3maturity, maturation, immaturitymature into X / reach maturity

AWL Derivatives

immature, immaturity, maturation, maturational, matured, matures, maturing, maturity

Common Confusion

mature(形容词)vs maturity(名词);immature为反义词;mature作动词(成熟)

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  1. 1.The idea began to ___ into a workable plan.

  2. 2.The market is becoming more ___.

  3. 3.The industry has reached a high level of ___.

32mediate调解;斡旋Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1mediate — mediated, mediatingmediate a dispute / mediate between X and Y
词形 2mediationmediate a dispute / mediate between X and Y

AWL Derivatives

mediated, mediates, mediating, mediation

Common Confusion

mediate(调解,动词)vs mediation(名词);media(媒体)为形近词

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  1. 1.A professor was asked to ___ the dispute.

  2. 2.The organization offered ___ between the two sides.

  3. 3.The conflict was successfully ___.

33medium媒介;手段;中等的Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1medium — media, mediumsa medium for communication / mass medium
词形 2mediuma medium for communication / mass medium

AWL Derivatives

medium

Common Confusion

medium(单数)vs media(复数);the media(媒体,集合名词)

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  1. 1.Radio remains an important communication ___.

  2. 2.The campaign uses several different ___.

  3. 3.The shirt is available in a ___ size.

34military军事的;军队Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1militarymilitary forces / military service
词形 2militarymilitary forces / military service

AWL Derivatives

military

Common Confusion

military(形容词/名词)无派生词形;the military(军队)

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  1. 1.The country increased its ___ spending.

  2. 2.The ___ played a major role in the operation.

  3. 3.The base provides ___ training.

35minimal最低限度的;极少的Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1minimal, minimalistica minimal effect / keep X to a minimum
词形 2minimallya minimal effect / keep X to a minimum
词形 3minimalism, minimalist — minimalistsa minimal effect / keep X to a minimum

AWL Derivatives

minimalisation, minimalise, minimalised, minimalises, minimalising, minimalist, minimalistic, minimalists, minimalization, minimalize, minimalized, minimalizes, minimalizing, minimally

Common Confusion

minimal(极少的)vs minimum(最低值/最小的)——常混淆

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  1. 1.The treatment caused only ___ side effects.

  2. 2.The difference was ___.

  3. 3.The researchers found a ___ increase in cost.

36mutual相互的;共同的Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1mutualmutual benefit / mutual agreement
词形 2mutuallymutual benefit / mutual agreement

AWL Derivatives

mutually

Common Confusion

mutual(相互的)vs mutual(共同的);mutually为副词

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  1. 1.The agreement is based on ___ trust.

  2. 2.Both sides reached a ___ understanding.

  3. 3.The two groups ___ benefited from the partnership.

37norm规范;标准Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1norm — normsa social norm / depart from the norm

AWL Derivatives

norms

Common Confusion

norm(名词)vs normal(形容词);social norms(社会规范)

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  1. 1.The behavior is outside the social ___.

  2. 2.Academic writing follows certain ___.

  3. 3.The result is not ___ for this population.

38overlap重叠;部分相同Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1overlap — overlapped, overlappingoverlap with X / an overlap between X and Y
词形 2overlap — overlapsoverlap with X / an overlap between X and Y

AWL Derivatives

overlapped, overlapping, overlaps

Common Confusion

overlap(动词/名词);overlap with X(与X重叠);overlapped注意双写p

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  1. 1.The two categories ___ considerably.

  2. 2.There is substantial ___ between the groups.

  3. 3.The data show an ___ area.

39passive被动的;消极的Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1passivea passive role / passive voice
词形 2passivitya passive role / passive voice
词形 3passivelya passive role / passive voice

AWL Derivatives

passively, passivity

Common Confusion

passive(被动的);passive voice(被动语态);passivity为名词

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  1. 1.Students should not remain ___ in the learning process.

  2. 2.The study uses a ___ control group.

  3. 3.The participants responded ___.

40portion部分;一份Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1portion — portionsa portion of X / a large portion of X

AWL Derivatives

portions

Common Confusion

portion(部分/一份)vs proportion(比例,形近词)——注意区分

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  1. 1.A large ___ of the budget was spent on research.

  2. 2.Only a small ___ of the sample was excluded.

  3. 3.The report divides the work into several ___.

41preliminary初步的;预备的Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1preliminarypreliminary results / preliminary investigation
词形 2preliminariespreliminary results / preliminary investigation

AWL Derivatives

preliminaries

Common Confusion

preliminary(初步的)vs preliminaries(名词,预备事项)

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  1. 1.The researchers released ___ results.

  2. 2.A ___ investigation found no major problems.

  3. 3.The ___ suggest that further study is needed.

42protocol协议;规程Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1protocol — protocolsfollow a protocol / safety protocol

AWL Derivatives

protocols

Common Confusion

protocol(协议/规程)vs protocol(外交礼节);protocols为复数

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  1. 1.All participants followed the safety ___.

  2. 2.The lab has a strict testing ___.

  3. 3.Researchers must follow established ___.

43qualitative定性的;质量的Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1qualitativequalitative research / qualitative analysis
词形 2qualitativelyqualitative research / qualitative analysis

AWL Derivatives

qualitatively

Common Confusion

qualitative(定性的)vs quantitative(定量的)——常对比出现

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  1. 1.The study uses ___ interviews.

  2. 2.The researchers conducted a ___ analysis of the responses.

  3. 3.The findings were examined ___.

44refine改进;提炼;使精确Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1refine — refined, refiningrefine a method / refine the results
词形 2refinement — refinementsrefine a method / refine the results

AWL Derivatives

refined, refinement, refinements, refines, refining

Common Confusion

refine(改进,动词)vs refinement(名词)

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  1. 1.The team continued to ___ the method.

  2. 2.Several rounds of testing led to further ___.

  3. 3.The model was gradually ___ using new data.

45relax放松;缓和Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1relax — relaxed, relaxingrelax restrictions / relax after work
词形 2relaxationrelax restrictions / relax after work

AWL Derivatives

relaxation, relaxed, relaxes, relaxing

Common Confusion

relax(动词)vs relaxation(名词);relaxed(放松的)vs relaxing(令人放松的)

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  1. 1.The government decided to ___ the restrictions.

  2. 2.A short break helped the researchers ___.

  3. 3.The rules were gradually ___ after the trial.

46restrain抑制;限制Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1restrain — restrained, restrainingrestrain X from doing Y / exercise restraint
词形 2restraint — restraintsrestrain X from doing Y / exercise restraint
词形 3unrestrainedrestrain X from doing Y / exercise restraint

AWL Derivatives

restrained, restraining, restrains, restraint, restraints, unrestrained

Common Confusion

restrain(抑制)vs restrain sb from doing(阻止某人做某事);restraint为名词

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  1. 1.The policy is designed to ___ excessive spending.

  2. 2.He struggled to ___ his anger.

  3. 3.The report calls for greater ___ on public spending.

47revolution革命;重大变革Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1revolution — revolutionsa technological revolution / revolution in X
词形 2revolutionarya technological revolution / revolution in X
词形 3revolutionize / revolutionisea technological revolution / revolution in X
词形 4revolutionist — revolutionists, revolutionary — revolutionariesa technological revolution / revolution in X

AWL Derivatives

revolutionaries, revolutionary, revolutionise, revolutionised, revolutionises, revolutionising, revolutionist, revolutionists, revolutionize, revolutionized, revolutionizes, revolutionizing, revolutions

Common Confusion

revolution(名词)vs revolutionary(形容词/名词);revolutionize(动词)

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  1. 1.The internet has caused a technological ___.

  2. 2.The industry underwent a major ___.

  3. 3.The new technology was considered ___.

48rigid严格的;僵硬的Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1rigida rigid structure / rigid rules
词形 2rigidity — rigiditiesa rigid structure / rigid rules
词形 3rigidlya rigid structure / rigid rules

AWL Derivatives

rigidities, rigidity, rigidly

Common Confusion

rigid(僵硬的/严格的)vs strict(严格);rigidity为名词

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  1. 1.The organization has a ___ hierarchy.

  2. 2.The rules are too ___ to handle unusual cases.

  3. 3.The system operates ___.

49route路线;途径Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1route — routestake a route to X / route traffic through X
词形 2route — routed, routingtake a route to X / route traffic through X

AWL Derivatives

routed, routes, routing

Common Confusion

route(路线)vs root(根源,同音词)——拼写区分

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  1. 1.The researchers chose a safer ___ to the site.

  2. 2.The shipment was ___ through a different port.

  3. 3.Several transport ___ are available.

50scenario情境;设想Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1scenario — scenariosa possible scenario / worst-case scenario

AWL Derivatives

scenarios

Common Confusion

scenario(情境/设想)vs scene(场景);in the worst-case scenario(在最坏的情况下)

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  1. 1.The report considers several possible ___.

  2. 2.In the worst-case ___, costs could double.

  3. 3.This is a realistic ___ for the next decade.

51sphere领域;球体Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1sphere — spheresthe public sphere / sphere of influence
词形 2sphericalthe public sphere / sphere of influence
词形 3sphericallythe public sphere / sphere of influence

AWL Derivatives

spheres, spherical, spherically

Common Confusion

sphere(领域/球体);sphere of influence(势力范围)

Fill in the Missing Letters

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  1. 1.The issue has become important in the political ___.

  2. 2.The organization operates in the public ___.

  3. 3.The two countries have different ___ of influence.

52subordinate下属;次要的;使服从Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1subordinate — subordinatessubordinate X to Y / a subordinate role
词形 2subordinatesubordinate X to Y / a subordinate role
词形 3subordinatesubordinate X to Y / a subordinate role
词形 4subordinationsubordinate X to Y / a subordinate role

AWL Derivatives

subordinates, subordination

Common Confusion

subordinate(名词,下属)vs subordinate(形容词,次要的);be subordinate to X

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  1. 1.The manager asked her ___ to prepare the report.

  2. 2.The department has a clear ___ structure.

  3. 3.The committee did not want to ___ quality to speed.

53supplement补充;补充物Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1supplement — supplemented, supplementingsupplement X with Y / a dietary supplement
词形 2supplement — supplementssupplement X with Y / a dietary supplement
词形 3supplementarysupplement X with Y / a dietary supplement

AWL Derivatives

supplementary, supplemented, supplementing, supplements

Common Confusion

supplement(动词/名词)vs supplementary(形容词);supplement A with B(用B补充A)

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  1. 1.The course is designed to ___ classroom teaching.

  2. 2.The report includes a useful statistical ___.

  3. 3.Additional exercises provide ___ material.

54suspend暂停;悬挂Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1suspend — suspended, suspendingsuspend a service / suspend operations
词形 2suspensionsuspend a service / suspend operations

AWL Derivatives

suspended, suspending, suspends, suspension

Common Confusion

suspend(暂停/悬挂)vs suspension(名词);be suspended from(被停职/停学)

Fill in the Missing Letters

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  1. 1.The university decided to ___ the program temporarily.

  2. 2.The service was ___ after a safety problem.

  3. 3.The suspension lasted for the ___ of the investigation.

55team团队;合作Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1team — teamsa research team / team up with X
词形 2team — teamed, teaminga research team / team up with X

AWL Derivatives

teamed, teaming, teams

Common Confusion

team(名词,团队)vs team up with(与……合作)

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  1. 1.The research ___ met every Friday.

  2. 2.The two departments ___ up to solve the problem.

  3. 3.Several ___ worked on the project.

56temporary暂时的Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1temporarytemporary measure / temporary accommodation
词形 2temporarilytemporary measure / temporary accommodation

AWL Derivatives

temporarily

Common Confusion

temporary(暂时的)vs contemporary(当代的)——形近词;temporarily为副词

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  1. 1.The office is being used as a ___ workspace.

  2. 2.Students were moved to ___ accommodation.

  3. 3.The change is only ___.

57trigger触发;引发;触发因素Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1trigger — triggered, triggeringtrigger a reaction / trigger an event
词形 2trigger — triggerstrigger a reaction / trigger an event

AWL Derivatives

triggered, triggering, triggers

Common Confusion

trigger(动词,触发)vs trigger(名词,扳机/触发因素)

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  1. 1.The announcement could ___ a strong reaction.

  2. 2.The incident was the ___ for further investigation.

  3. 3.The policy change was ___ by public pressure.

58unify统一;使成一体Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1unify — unified, unifyingunify X with Y / unify a group
词形 2unificationunify X with Y / unify a group

AWL Derivatives

unification, unified, unifies, unifying

Common Confusion

unify(统一,动词)vs unification(名词);unified(统一的)

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  1. 1.The project aims to ___ the two databases.

  2. 2.The agreement led to greater ___.

  3. 3.The country was gradually ___ under one government.

59violate违反;侵犯Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1violate — violated, violatingviolate a rule / violate human rights
词形 2violationviolate a rule / violate human rights

AWL Derivatives

violated, violates, violating, violation, violations

Common Confusion

violate(动词)vs violation(名词);violate a law/rule(违反法律/规定)

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  1. 1.The company was accused of ___ safety regulations.

  2. 2.The report describes several rights ___.

  3. 3.Any ___ of the agreement may result in penalties.

60vision愿景;视力;洞察Expand
Word Forms & Collocations
POSForms / Collocations
词形 1vision — visionsa clear vision of X / long-term vision

AWL Derivatives

visions

Common Confusion

vision(名词)vs visionary(有远见的/远见者)

Fill in the Missing Letters

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  1. 1.The leader presented a clear ___ for the future.

  2. 2.The project reflects a long-term ___.

  3. 3.Good planning requires both ___ and practical goals.

AWL Word Families - Master the TOEFL Reading Task | DailyWordtoon