Fill in the Missing Letters — AWL Word Families
Build academic vocabulary by root to master the TOEFL Reading’s Fill in the Missing Letters task. Expand a family to see word forms, collocations, and examples — guess the letters first, then reveal the answer.
AWL Sublist 9
60 Word Families
Click any card to expand its content
1accommodatehave room for; hold without crowdingExpand
verb
1.be agreeable or acceptable to
E.g.: This suits my needs
[Syn: suit, fit]
AWL Derivatives
accommodated, accommodates, accommodating, accommodation
Common Confusion
accommodate（v.）vs accommodation（n.）；拼写注意双写mm
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1.The hall can ___ up to 500 guests.
2.The new policy aims to ___ the needs of working students.
3.The hotel provided comfortable ___ for visiting researchers.
2analogydrawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respectExpand
noun
1.an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others
AWL Derivatives
analogies, analogous
Common Confusion
draw an analogy between A and B（在A和B之间作类比）；be analogous to X（与X类似）
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1.The professor drew an ___ between the two systems.
2.This ___ helps explain how the process works.
3.The two cases are ___ in several important ways.
3anticipateregard something as probable or likelyExpand
verb
1.regard something as probable or likely
E.g.: The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow
[Syn: expect]
AWL Derivatives
anticipated, anticipates, anticipating, anticipation, unanticipated
Common Confusion
anticipate（v.）vs anticipation（n.）；anticipate doing sth
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1.Researchers ___ that demand will increase next year.
2.The team made an early ___ of possible risks.
3.The delay was largely ___ by the planners.
4assureinform positively and with certainty and confidenceExpand
verb
1.make certain of
E.g.: This nest egg will ensure a nice retirement for us, Preparation will guarantee success!
[Syn: guarantee, ensure, insure, secure]
AWL Derivatives
assurance, assurances, assured, assuredly, assures, assuring
Common Confusion
assure（使确信，assure sb that）vs ensure（确保）vs insure（投保）——形近词区分
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1.The manager ___ us that the data were secure.
2.She gave the client an ___ that the issue would be resolved.
3.The team spoke ___ about the project's future.
5attainto gain with effortExpand
verb
1.to gain with effort
E.g.: she achieved her goal despite setbacks
[Syn: achieve, accomplish, reach]
AWL Derivatives
attainable, attained, attaining, attainment, attainments, attains, unattainable
Common Confusion
attain（v.，达到，正式）vs obtain（获得）；attainable为形容词
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1.The students worked hard to ___ their academic goals.
2.The program helps learners ___ a high level of proficiency.
3.The required standard is ___ for most applicants.
6behalfas the agent of or on someone's part (usually expressed as ‘on behalf of’ rather than ‘in behalf of’)Expand
noun
1.as the agent of or on someone's part (usually expressed as ‘on behalf of’ rather than ‘in behalf of’)
E.g.: the guardian signed the contract on behalf of the minor child, this letter is written on behalf of my client
AWL Derivatives
behalf
Common Confusion
on behalf of X（代表X）固定搭配，behalf本身无其他派生Word Form
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1.She spoke on ___ of the research team.
2.He accepted the award on ___ of his colleagues.
3.The lawyer acted on the client's ___.
7bulkthe property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main partExpand
noun
1.the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part
E.g.: the majority of his customers prefer it, the bulk of the work is finished
[Syn: majority]
AWL Derivatives
bulky
Common Confusion
the bulk of X（X的大部分）；in bulk（大宗/散装）；bulky为形容词
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1.The ___ of the work was completed before Friday.
2.The bulk of the evidence supports the conclusion.
3.The package was too ___ to carry alone.
8ceaseput an end to a state or an activityExpand
noun
1.(‘cease’ is a noun only in the phrase ‘without cease’) end
AWL Derivatives
ceased, ceaseless, ceases, ceasing
Common Confusion
cease（正式）vs stop（一般）；cease to do/cease doing均可
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1.The factory will ___ operations next month.
2.The noise finally ___ after midnight.
3.The organization announced a complete ___ of production.
9coherentmarked by an orderly, logical, and aesthetically consistent relation of partsExpand
adjective
1.marked by an orderly, logical, and aesthetically consistent relation of parts
E.g.: a coherent argument
[Syn: consistent, logical, ordered]
AWL Derivatives
coherence, coherently, incoherent, incoherently
Common Confusion
coherent（形容词）vs coherence（n.）；incoherent为反义词
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1.The essay presents a ___ argument.
2.The evidence must be organized with greater ___.
3.The speaker explained the theory ___.
10coincidego with, fall togetherExpand
verb
1.go with, fall together
[Syn: co-occur, cooccur]
AWL Derivatives
coincided, coincidence, coincidences, coincident, coincidental, coincides, coinciding
Common Confusion
coincide with X（与X同时发生/相符）；by coincidence（碰巧）
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1.The conference dates ___ with the university holiday.
2.The two events happened by ___.
3.The findings were ___ with earlier research.
11commencetake the first step or steps in carrying out an actionExpand
verb
1.take the first step or steps in carrying out an action
E.g.: We began working at dawn, Who will start?, Get working as soon as the sun rises!, The first tourists began to arrive in Cambodia, He began early in the day, Let's get down to work now
[Syn: get down, begin, get, start out, start, set about, set out]
AWL Derivatives
commenced, commencement, commences, commencing, recommenced, recommences, recommencing
Common Confusion
commence（正式开始）比begin更正式；commencement可指毕业典礼
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1.The ceremony will ___ at nine o'clock.
2.The ___ of the experiment was delayed.
3.Construction is ___ next week.
12compatibleable to exist and perform in harmonious or agreeable combinationExpand
adjective
1.able to exist and perform in harmonious or agreeable combination
E.g.: a compatible married couple, her deeds were compatible with her ideology
AWL Derivatives
compatibility, incompatibility, incompatible
Common Confusion
be compatible with X（与X兼容），固定搭配用with；incompatible为反义词
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1.The software is fully ___ with the new operating system.
2.We need to check system ___.
3.The two approaches are not ___ in practice.
13concurrentoccurring or operating at the same timeExpand
adjective
1.occurring or operating at the same time
E.g.: a series of coincident events
[Syn: coincident, coincidental, coinciding, co-occurrent, cooccurring, simultaneous]
AWL Derivatives
concurrently
Common Confusion
concurrent（形容词）vs concurrently（副词）；注意与current（当前的）区分
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1.The university offered two ___ courses.
2.Several studies were conducted ___ with the survey.
3.The projects ran ___ for three months.
14confineplace limits on (extent or amount or access)Expand
verb
1.place limits on (extent or amount or access)
E.g.: restrict the use of this parking lot, limit the time you can spend with your friends
[Syn: restrict, trammel, limit, bound, throttle]
AWL Derivatives
confined, confines, confining, unconfined
Common Confusion
be confined to X（局限于X）；confine（限制）vs confinement（监禁/限制）
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1.The study was ___ to first-year students.
2.The researchers tried to ___ the discussion to the main issue.
3.The animal remained in ___ for several days.
15controversya contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreementExpand
noun
1.a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement
E.g.: they were involved in a violent argument
[Syn: contention, contestation, disputation, disceptation, tilt, argument, arguing]
AWL Derivatives
controversial, controversially, controversies, uncontroversial
Common Confusion
controversy（n.）vs controversial（形容词）；arouse controversy（引发争议）
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1.The decision caused considerable ___.
2.The policy remains highly ___.
3.The issue was discussed ___ in the media.
16conversethe opposite; the reverseExpand
AWL Derivatives
conversely
Common Confusion
converse作形容词表相反；conversely（副词，反过来）；v.converse with（交谈）
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1.The ___ of this statement is also true.
2.___, the results may suggest a different explanation.
3.The two researchers began to ___ after the meeting.
17devicean instrumentality invented for a particular purposeExpand
noun
1.an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose
E.g.: the device is small enough to wear on your wrist, a device intended to conserve water
AWL Derivatives
devices
Common Confusion
device（n.，设备）vs devise（v.，设计）——形近词区分
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1.The laboratory uses a sensitive measuring ___.
2.The device was designed for remote monitoring.
3.Several new ___ were tested in the experiment.
18devotegive entirely to a specific person, activity, or causeExpand
verb
1.give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause
E.g.: She committed herself to the work of God, give one's talents to a good cause, consecrate your life to the church
[Syn: give, dedicate, consecrate, commit]
AWL Derivatives
devoted, devotedly, devotes, devoting, devotion, devotions
Common Confusion
devote sth to sth（把……用于/献身于）；be devoted to X（忠实于X）
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1.Researchers ___ considerable time to the project.
2.She is deeply ___ to improving education.
3.His ___ to the field is widely recognized.
19diminishdecrease in size, extent, or rangeExpand
verb
1.decrease in size, extent, or range
E.g.: The amount of homework decreased towards the end of the semester, The cabin pressure fell dramatically, her weight fell to under a hundred pounds, his voice fell to a whisper
[Syn: decrease, lessen, fall]
AWL Derivatives
diminished, diminishes, diminishing, diminution, undiminished
Common Confusion
diminish（减少）vs diminish（贬低）；diminution为n.
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1.The effect may ___ over time.
2.The evidence shows a gradual ___ in the gap.
3.The pain had ___ considerably by morning.
20distortmake false by mutilation or addition; as of a message or storyExpand
verb
1.make false by mutilation or addition; as of a message or story
[Syn: falsify, garble, warp]
AWL Derivatives
distorted, distorting, distortion, distortions, distorts
Common Confusion
distort（v.）vs distortion（n.）；distorted（扭曲的）
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1.Social media can ___ public perceptions.
2.The image was badly ___.
3.The study examines the ___ of historical facts.
21durationthe period of time during which something continuesExpand
noun
1.the period of time during which something continues
[Syn: continuance]
AWL Derivatives
duration
Common Confusion
duration（持续时间）无派生Word Form；for the duration of X
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1.The course runs for the ___ of one semester.
2.Students must remain in the room for the ___ of the test.
3.The project was extended because of its long ___.
22erodebecome ground down or deteriorateExpand
verb
1.become ground down or deteriorate
E.g.: Her confidence eroded
[Syn: gnaw, gnaw at, eat at, wear away]
AWL Derivatives
eroded, erodes, eroding, erosion
Common Confusion
erode（侵蚀，v.）vs erosion（n.）；常用于比喻（削弱信心等）
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1.Repeated failures can ___ public trust.
2.Coastal erosion may ___ the shoreline.
3.The gradual ___ of confidence was worrying.
23ethicthe principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social groupExpand
noun
1.the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group
E.g.: the Puritan ethic, a person with old-fashioned values
[Syn: moral principle, value-system, value orientation]
AWL Derivatives
ethical, ethically, ethics, unethical
Common Confusion
ethic（n.，sg.）vs ethics（pl.，伦理/道德观）；ethical为形容词
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1.Professional ___ require researchers to protect participants.
2.The company has strong ___ standards.
3.The decision should be evaluated ___.
24formatthe organization of information according to preset specifications (usually for computer processing)Expand
noun
1.the organization of information according to preset specifications (usually for computer processing)
[Syn: formatting, data format, data formatting]
AWL Derivatives
formats, formatted, formatting
Common Confusion
format（n.，格式）vs format（v.，格式化）；formatted注意双写t
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1.Please submit the report in digital ___.
2.The data were ___ as a simple table.
3.The website supports several file ___.
25foundset up or foundExpand
adjective
1.come upon unexpectedly or after searching
E.g.: found art, the lost-and-found department
AWL Derivatives
founded, founder, founders, founding, unfounded
Common Confusion
found（创办，found-founded-founded）vs find（find-found-found）——过去式拼写易混淆；founder（创始人）
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1.The scientist helped ___ a new research center.
2.The university was ___ in the nineteenth century.
3.The center's ___ later became its director.
26inherentexisting as an essential constituent or characteristicExpand
adjective
1.existing as an essential constituent or characteristic
E.g.: the Ptolemaic system with its built-in concept of periodicity, a constitutional inability to tell the truth
[Syn: built-in, constitutional, inbuilt, integral]
AWL Derivatives
inherently
Common Confusion
be inherent in X（X所固有的）；inherently为副词
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1.The method has an ___ limitation.
2.Some risks are ___ in the technology.
3.The problem is ___ in the design itself.
27insightclear or deep perception of a situationExpand
noun
1.clear or deep perception of a situation
[Syn: penetration]
AWL Derivatives
insightful, insights
Common Confusion
insight（n.）vs insightful（形容词）；insight into X（对X的洞察）
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1.The interview provided valuable ___ into student behavior.
2.The report offers several useful ___.
3.Her analysis was highly ___.
28integralexisting as an essential constituent or characteristicExpand
adjective
1.of or denoted by an integer
AWL Derivatives
integral
Common Confusion
be integral to X（对X不可或缺）；integral（完整的）vs integrate（整合，v.）
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1.Communication is an ___ part of teamwork.
2.Trust is ___ to a successful partnership.
3.The component is considered ___ to the system.
29intermediatelying between two extremes in time or space or stateExpand
adjective
1.lying between two extremes in time or space or state
E.g.: going from sitting to standing without intermediate pushes with the hands, intermediate stages in a process, intermediate stops on the route, an intermediate range plane
AWL Derivatives
intermediate
Common Confusion
intermediate（中级的）vs immediate（立即的）——形近词；intermediate stage（中间阶段）
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1.Students first complete an ___ course.
2.The process has an ___ stage.
3.The class is designed for ___ learners.
30manualrequiring human effortExpand
adjective
1.of or relating to the hands
E.g.: manual dexterity
AWL Derivatives
manually, manuals
Common Confusion
manual（n.，手册）vs manual（形容词，手工的）；manually为副词
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1.Please read the instruction ___ first.
2.The machine requires some ___ adjustment.
3.The settings can be changed ___.
31maturecharacteristic of maturityExpand
adjective
1.characteristic of maturity
E.g.: mature for her age
AWL Derivatives
immature, immaturity, maturation, maturational, matured, matures, maturing, maturity
Common Confusion
mature（形容词）vs maturity（n.）；immature为反义词；mature作v.（成熟）
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1.The idea began to ___ into a workable plan.
2.The market is becoming more ___.
3.The industry has reached a high level of ___.
32mediateact between parties with a view to reconciling differencesExpand
adjective
1.acting through or dependent on an intervening agency
E.g.: the disease spread by mediate as well as direct contact
AWL Derivatives
mediated, mediates, mediating, mediation
Common Confusion
mediate（调解，v.）vs mediation（n.）；media（媒体）为形近词
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1.A professor was asked to ___ the dispute.
2.The organization offered ___ between the two sides.
3.The conflict was successfully ___.
33mediuma means or instrumentality for storing or communicating informationExpand
noun
1.a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information
AWL Derivatives
medium
Common Confusion
medium（sg.）vs media（pl.）；the media（媒体，集合n.）
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1.Radio remains an important communication ___.
2.The campaign uses several different ___.
3.The shirt is available in a ___ size.
34militaryof or relating to the study of the principles of warfareExpand
adjective
1.of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare
E.g.: military law
AWL Derivatives
military
Common Confusion
military（形容词/n.）无派生Word Form；the military（军队）
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1.The country increased its ___ spending.
2.The ___ played a major role in the operation.
3.The base provides ___ training.
35minimalthe least possibleExpand
adjective
1.the least possible
E.g.: needed to enforce minimal standards, her grades were minimal, minimum wage, a minimal charge for the service
[Syn: minimum]
AWL Derivatives
minimalisation, minimalise, minimalised, minimalises, minimalising, minimalist, minimalistic, minimalists, minimalization, minimalize, minimalized, minimalizes, minimalizing, minimally
Common Confusion
minimal（极少的）vs minimum（最低值/最小的）——常混淆
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1.The treatment caused only ___ side effects.
2.The difference was ___.
3.The researchers found a ___ increase in cost.
36mutualconcerning each of two or more persons or things; especially given or done in returnExpand
adjective
1.concerning each of two or more persons or things; especially given or done in return
E.g.: reciprocal aid, reciprocal trade, mutual respect, reciprocal privileges at other clubs
[Syn: reciprocal]
AWL Derivatives
mutually
Common Confusion
mutual（相互的）vs mutual（共同的）；mutually为副词
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1.The agreement is based on ___ trust.
2.Both sides reached a ___ understanding.
3.The two groups ___ benefited from the partnership.
37norma standard or model or pattern regarded as typicalExpand
noun
1.a standard or model or pattern regarded as typical
E.g.: the current middle-class norm of two children per family
AWL Derivatives
norms
Common Confusion
norm（n.）vs normal（形容词）；social norms（社会规范）
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1.The behavior is outside the social ___.
2.Academic writing follows certain ___.
3.The result is not ___ for this population.
38overlapa representation of common ground between theories or phenomenaExpand
noun
1.a representation of common ground between theories or phenomena
E.g.: there was no overlap between their proposals
[Syn: convergence, intersection]
AWL Derivatives
overlapped, overlapping, overlaps
Common Confusion
overlap（v./n.）；overlap with X（与X重叠）；overlapped注意双写p
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1.The two categories ___ considerably.
2.There is substantial ___ between the groups.
3.The data show an ___ area.
39passivelacking in energy or willExpand
adjective
1.lacking in energy or will
E.g.: Much benevolence of the passive order may be traced to a disinclination to inflict pain upon oneself
[Syn: inactive]
AWL Derivatives
passively, passivity
Common Confusion
passive（被动的）；passive voice（被动语态）；passivity为n.
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1.Students should not remain ___ in the learning process.
2.The study uses a ___ control group.
3.The participants responded ___.
40portionsomething determined in relation to something that includes itExpand
noun
1.something determined in relation to something that includes it
E.g.: he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself, I read a portion of the manuscript, the smaller component is hard to reach, the animal constituent of plankton
[Syn: part, component part, component, constituent]
AWL Derivatives
portions
Common Confusion
portion（部分/一份）vs proportion（比例，形近词）——注意区分
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1.A large ___ of the budget was spent on research.
2.Only a small ___ of the sample was excluded.
3.The report divides the work into several ___.
41preliminarysomething that serves as a preceding event or introduces what followsExpand
noun
1.a minor match preceding the main event
[Syn: prelim]
AWL Derivatives
preliminaries
Common Confusion
preliminary（初步的）vs preliminaries（n.，预备事项）
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1.The researchers released ___ results.
2.A ___ investigation found no major problems.
3.The ___ suggest that further study is needed.
42protocol(computer science) rules determining the format and transmission of dataExpand
noun
1.(computer science) rules determining the format and transmission of data
[Syn: communications protocol]
AWL Derivatives
protocols
Common Confusion
protocol（协议/规程）vs protocol（外交礼节）；protocols为pl.
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1.All participants followed the safety ___.
2.The lab has a strict testing ___.
3.Researchers must follow established ___.
43qualitativeinvolving distinctions based on qualitiesExpand
adjective
1.involving distinctions based on qualities
E.g.: qualitative change, qualitative data, qualitative analysis determines the chemical constituents of a substance or mixture
AWL Derivatives
qualitatively
Common Confusion
qualitative（定性的）vs quantitative（定量的）——常对比出现
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1.The study uses ___ interviews.
2.The researchers conducted a ___ analysis of the responses.
3.The findings were examined ___.
44refineimprove or perfect by pruning or polishingExpand
verb
1.improve or perfect by pruning or polishing
E.g.: refine one's style of writing
[Syn: polish, fine-tune, down]
AWL Derivatives
refined, refinement, refinements, refines, refining
Common Confusion
refine（改进，v.）vs refinement（n.）
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1.The team continued to ___ the method.
2.Several rounds of testing led to further ___.
3.The model was gradually ___ using new data.
45relaxbecome less tense, rest, or take one's easeExpand
verb
1.become less tense, rest, or take one's ease
E.g.: He relaxed in the hot tub, Let's all relax after a hard day's work
[Syn: loosen up, unbend, unwind, decompress, slow down]
AWL Derivatives
relaxation, relaxed, relaxes, relaxing
Common Confusion
relax（v.）vs relaxation（n.）；relaxed（放松的）vs relaxing（令人放松的）
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1.The government decided to ___ the restrictions.
2.A short break helped the researchers ___.
3.The rules were gradually ___ after the trial.
46restrainto close within bounds, or otherwise limit or deprive of free movementExpand
verb
1.to close within bounds, or otherwise limit or deprive of free movement
E.g.: This holds the local until the express passengers change trains, About a dozen animals were held inside the stockade, The illegal immigrants were held at a detention center, The terrorists held the journalists for ransom
[Syn: confine, hold, constrain]
AWL Derivatives
restrained, restraining, restrains, restraint, restraints, unrestrained
Common Confusion
restrain（抑制）vs restrain sb from doing（阻止某人做某事）；restraint为n.
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1.The policy is designed to ___ excessive spending.
2.He struggled to ___ his anger.
3.The report calls for greater ___ on public spending.
47revolutiona drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behavingExpand
noun
1.a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving
E.g.: the industrial revolution was also a cultural revolution
AWL Derivatives
revolutionaries, revolutionary, revolutionise, revolutionised, revolutionises, revolutionising, revolutionist, revolutionists, revolutionize, revolutionized, revolutionizes, revolutionizing, revolutions
Common Confusion
revolution（n.）vs revolutionary（形容词/n.）；revolutionize（v.）
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1.The internet has caused a technological ___.
2.The industry underwent a major ___.
3.The new technology was considered ___.
48rigidincapable of or resistant to bendingExpand
adjective
1.designating an airship or dirigible having a form maintained by a stiff unyielding frame or structure
AWL Derivatives
rigidities, rigidity, rigidly
Common Confusion
rigid（僵硬的/严格的）vs strict（严格）；rigidity为n.
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1.The organization has a ___ hierarchy.
2.The rules are too ___ to handle unusual cases.
3.The system operates ___.
49routean established line of travel or accessExpand
noun
1.an established line of travel or access
[Syn: path, itinerary]
AWL Derivatives
routed, routes, routing
Common Confusion
route（路线）vs root（根源，同音词）——拼写区分
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1.The researchers chose a safer ___ to the site.
2.The shipment was ___ through a different port.
3.Several transport ___ are available.
50scenarioa postulated sequence of possible eventsExpand
noun
1.an outline or synopsis of a play (or, by extension, of a literary work)
AWL Derivatives
scenarios
Common Confusion
scenario（情境/设想）vs scene（场景）；in the worst-case scenario（在最坏的情况下）
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1.The report considers several possible ___.
2.In the worst-case ___, costs could double.
3.This is a realistic ___ for the next decade.
51spherea particular environment or walk of lifeExpand
noun
1.a particular environment or walk of life
E.g.: his social sphere is limited, it was a closed area of employment, he's out of my orbit
[Syn: domain, area, orbit, field, arena]
AWL Derivatives
spheres, spherical, spherically
Common Confusion
sphere（领域/球体）；sphere of influence（势力范围）
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1.The issue has become important in the political ___.
2.The organization operates in the public ___.
3.The two countries have different ___ of influence.
52subordinatelower in rank or importanceExpand
adjective
1.lower in rank or importance
[Syn: low-level]
AWL Derivatives
subordinates, subordination
Common Confusion
subordinate（n.，下属）vs subordinate（形容词，次要的）；be subordinate to X
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1.The manager asked her ___ to prepare the report.
2.The department has a clear ___ structure.
3.The committee did not want to ___ quality to speed.
53supplementtextual matter that is added onto a publication; usually at the endExpand
noun
1.textual matter that is added onto a publication; usually at the end
[Syn: addendum, postscript]
AWL Derivatives
supplementary, supplemented, supplementing, supplements
Common Confusion
supplement（v./n.）vs supplementary（形容词）；supplement A with B（用B补充A）
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1.The course is designed to ___ classroom teaching.
2.The report includes a useful statistical ___.
3.Additional exercises provide ___ material.
54suspendhang freelyExpand
verb
1.hang freely
E.g.: The secret police suspended their victims from the ceiling and beat them
AWL Derivatives
suspended, suspending, suspends, suspension
Common Confusion
suspend（暂停/悬挂）vs suspension（n.）；be suspended from（被停职/停学）
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1.The university decided to ___ the program temporarily.
2.The service was ___ after a safety problem.
3.The suspension lasted for the ___ of the investigation.
55teama cooperative unit (especially in sports)Expand
noun
1.a cooperative unit (especially in sports)
[Syn: squad]
AWL Derivatives
teamed, teaming, teams
Common Confusion
team（n.，团队）vs team up with（与……合作）
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1.The research ___ met every Friday.
2.The two departments ___ up to solve the problem.
3.Several ___ worked on the project.
56temporarynot permanent; not lastingExpand
adjective
1.not permanent; not lasting
E.g.: politics is an impermanent factor of life, impermanent palm cottages, a temporary arrangement, temporary housing
[Syn: impermanent]
AWL Derivatives
temporarily
Common Confusion
temporary（暂时的）vs contemporary（当代的）——形近词；temporarily为副词
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1.The office is being used as a ___ workspace.
2.Students were moved to ___ accommodation.
3.The change is only ___.
57triggera device that activates or releases or causes something to happenExpand
noun
1.lever that activates the firing mechanism of a gun
[Syn: gun trigger]
AWL Derivatives
triggered, triggering, triggers
Common Confusion
trigger（v.，触发）vs trigger（n.，扳机/触发因素）
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1.The announcement could ___ a strong reaction.
2.The incident was the ___ for further investigation.
3.The policy change was ___ by public pressure.
58unifybecome oneExpand
verb
1.become one
E.g.: Germany unified officially in 1990, the cells merge
[Syn: unite, merge]
AWL Derivatives
unification, unified, unifies, unifying
Common Confusion
unify（统一，v.）vs unification（n.）；unified（统一的）
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1.The project aims to ___ the two databases.
2.The agreement led to greater ___.
3.The country was gradually ___ under one government.
59violatefail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patternsExpand
verb
1.fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns
E.g.: This sentence violates the rules of syntax
[Syn: go against, break]
AWL Derivatives
violated, violates, violating, violation, violations
Common Confusion
violate（v.）vs violation（n.）；violate a law/rule（违反法律/规定）
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1.The company was accused of ___ safety regulations.
2.The report describes several rights ___.
3.Any ___ of the agreement may result in penalties.
60visiona vivid mental imageExpand
noun
1.a vivid mental image
E.g.: he had a vision of his own death
AWL Derivatives
visions
Common Confusion
vision（n.）vs visionary（有远见的/远见者）
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1.The leader presented a clear ___ for the future.
2.The project reflects a long-term ___.
3.Good planning requires both ___ and practical goals.